Notes on software and the ideas behind it

Find the meaning
behind the code.

I’m Fred Yang. I write about software—how it works, why it behaves the way it does, and the ideas that make code easier to reason about.

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Working notes / 2026

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Architecture, reactivity, and the hidden relationships that shape frontend systems.

css

Horizontal Formating of block element

The "seven properties" of horizontal formatting are: margin-left, border-left, padding-left, width, padding-right, border-right, and margin-right. Padding and margin is set to 0 by default. Width is set to auto. This means the block element...
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css

The Containing Block

Every element is laid out with respect to its containing block; in a very real way, the containing block is the "layout context" for an element.For an element in the normal, Western-style flow of...
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css

vertical-align

In CSS, the vertical-align property applies only to inline elements and replaced elements such as images and form inputs. vertical-align is not an inherited property. It can be one of baseline | sub |...
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css

line-height

The line-height property refers to the distance between the baselines of lines of text rather than the size of the font, and it determines the amount by which the height of each element's box...
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css

inherit

There is one keyword that is shared by all properties in CSS2.1: inherit. inherit makes the value of a property the same as the value of its parent element. In most cases, you don't...
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