Notes on software and the ideas behind it

Find the meaning
behind the code.

I’m Fred Yang. I write about software—how it works, why it behaves the way it does, and the ideas that make code easier to reason about.

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Working notes / 2026

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Architecture, reactivity, and the hidden relationships that shape frontend systems.

F#

f# essential - part 10 - why and when f# does not need null value,

I am surprise when I don't see a need to use null in f#. It use a generic record type "option", which is a very elegant solution to express nullness. In c#, we have...
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F#

f# essential - part 9 - no need to use ref record type in class

As I discussed it in post f# essential - part 5 - mutable, ref, ref record is used for closure. And mutable is similar concept of variable in c#. So that you can not...
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F#

f# essential - part 8 - talking to c# library

When I found that syntax in f# to support curry, I am very excited. May be we can do the same thing with .net library written in c#. For example, maybe I can use...
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F#

f# essential - part 7 Curry

Function application, also sometimes referred to as function composition or composing functions is a big thing in functional programming. One style of composition is called Curry. Curry is feature of lots functional language. When...
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F#

f# essential - part 6 - tuple

In other language, a method can not return more than one parameter. There are two way to get around this, use passed-by-reference parameter, or use composite type to encapsulate two or more fields in...
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